Adlerian Therapy Essays

Adlerian Therapy Essays Adlerian Therapy Essay Adlerian Therapy Essay Today, there are a lot of different kinds of psychiatric therapy or sets of techniques intended to improve mental health, emotional or behavioral issues of individuals, family members or a whole familys interactional climate. Mental health problems can have both psychological, social and somatic dimensions. These issues often make it hard for people to manage their lives and achieve their goals. Psychotherapy is aimed at these problems, and attempts to solve - or help people themselves to solve - them via a number of different approaches and techniques. The study will discuses the Adlerian therapy and Cognitive Behavioral therapy. It will provide the concenpt of the two psychological approach and their limitations. This study will also discuss the similarities and differences between Adlerian therapy and Cognitive Behavioral therapy. Analysis Adlerian therapy focuses on the importance of the feelings of self (ego) that arise from interactions and conflicts. It emphasizes motivation and social interaction. It is a phenomenological approach, where social interest is stressed. The nature of the therapy is informative and encouraging. It is a type of therapy where it stresses the collaborative partnership of the client and patient. Cognitive Behavior therapy focuses on the important role of thinking in how a person feels and what he or she does. The approach believes it is in the person’s thinking that causes her or him to feel and act the way he or she do. Therefore, if he or she is experiencing unwanted feelings and behaviors, it is important to identify the thinking that is causing the feelings or behaviors and to learn how to replace this thinking with thoughts that lead to more desirable reactions. (Beck, 1995) It is the fastest in terms of results obtain. The average number of session’s clients receives is sixteen. . Other forms of therapy, like psychoanalysis, can take years. What enable cognitive behavior therapy is to be briefer is its highly instructional nature and the fact that it makes use of homework assignments. (Beck, 1995) Adlerian therapy is a phenomenological approach where it attempts to view the world from the client’s subjective frame of reference. How life is in reality is less important than how the individual believes life to be. The therapy believes that it is not the childhood experiences that are crucial but rather it is our present interpretation of these events. It believes that our unconscious instincts and our past do not determine our behavior, which in this aspect Cognitive Behavior therapy shares the same belief. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the scientific fact that the person’s thoughts cause his or her feelings and behaviors, not external things, like people, situations, and events. In this therapy, mental health is measured by the degree to which we successfully share with others and are concerned with their welfare. Happiness and success are mostly related to social connectedness. Its most significant and distinctive concept refers to a person’s attitude toward and awareness of being a part of the human community. While Cognitive Behavior Therapy believes that that we can change the way we think to feel or act better even if the situation does not change. In Adlerian Theory, building self-confidence and stimulating courage is the best way to encourage a client. It is believed to be the most powerful method available for changing a person’s beliefs. In contrast, discouragement is the basic condition that prevents people from functioning. The therapy encourages clients to recognize their clients to choose and act differently. The two complexes are also considered on this therapy. These are Inferiority Complex and Superiority Complex. Inferiority Complex is normal feelings of incompetence and exaggerates them-impossible to achieve goals-hopeless. The Superiority Complex is a very high opinion of self-bragging and quick to argue personal solutions to problems are right one-convince others of being valuable to them and to self. Everyone is born with some physical weakness-motivate life choices. Aggression Drive is a reaction to perceived helplessness or inferiority lashing out against the inability to achieve or master. (Alder, 1997) CBT have a different approach. The therapy does not tell people how they should feel. However, most people seeking therapy do not want to feel they way they do. Cognitive behavioral teaches the benefits of feeling, at worst, calm when confronted with undesirable situations. It also emphasizes the fact that we have our undesirable situations whether we are upset about them or not. If we are upset about our problems, we have two problems the problem, and our upset about it. Most sane people want to have the fewest number of problems possible. Additional Concepts: In Adlerian therapy, masculine protest is defined when kids work to become independent from and equal to adults people in power-autonomous-positive assertive. Perfection striving is defined when people who are not neurotically bound to an inferiority complex spend their lives trying to meet their fictional goals. The therapy tries to eliminate a client’s perceived flaws, and gives motivation and focus. It focuses on understanding social issues and social responsibility by providing tasks that are career-self worth and societal task-creating friendship networks. The program is positive and goal oriented humanity. The client strives to overcome weaknesses to function productively contributing to society. During the therapy, client explores private logical concepts about oneself, about life and others, where philosophy lifestyle is based. It tries to discover purposes of behavior or symptoms and basic mistakes associated with their coping. During the process, it teaches the client to learn how to correct faulty assumptions and conclusions. (Mosak, 1999) CBT on the other hand follows the Stonic philosophy. The therapy does not tell people how they should feel. However, most people seeking therapy do not want to feel they way they do. Cognitive behavioral teaches the benefits of feeling, at worst, calm when confronted with undesirable situations. It also emphasizes the fact that we have our undesirable situations whether we are upset about them or not. If we are upset about our problems, we have two problems the problem, and our upset about it. Most sane people want to have the fewest number of problems possible. Therapist should get to know the client as a person. It needs to collaborate on goals for therapy. It supports therapist-caring human connection. The therapist works to make client feel deeply understood and accepted. The client focuses on what needs to change in the therapy. In Adlerian, subjective interview encourages the client to tell his or her own story as expert on own life. The therapist listens for clues to client’s coping and approach to life. Questions being used on this kind of interviews are: â€Å"How would your life be different, and what would you do differently, if you did not have this symptom or problem? † Objective interview is a life style assessment process. It comprises early recollection, personality priorities, family constellation, Integration, and summary. The therapist should encourage self-understanding and insights that tend to understand the motivation that operates client’s life. The therapist should explore the purposes of symptoms, behaviors, feelings, and human difficulties. The encouragement process of the Adlerian therapy is to build courage to change and to overcome discouragement. In the process, personal growth is encouraged and reinforced. It also helps change and search for new possibilities and makes a difference through the change in behavior, attitude, or perception. The Adlerian Approach is used in education, marriage counseling, family counseling, group work, and parent education. . (Alder, 1997) CBT on the other hand, have a different of method and sets of questions it follows. Cognitive-behavioral therapists want to gain a very good understanding of their clients concerns. That is why they often ask questions. They also encourage their clients to ask questions of themselves, like, How do I really know that those people are laughing at me? Could they be laughing about something else? Cognitive-behavioral therapists have a specific agenda for each session. Specific techniques / concepts are taught during each session. CBT focuses on helping the client achieve the goals they have set. CBT is directive in that respect. However, CBT therapists do not tell their clients what to do rather, they teach their clients how to do. Relationship of the therapist to the client In Adlerian Therapy, the client-therapist relationship is based on mutual trust, respect, confidence, and alignments of goals. It needs to establish a collaborative relationship to make the therapy a success. The therapist develops therapeutic contract-goals during the program. While in this approach the therapist tries to put emphasis on the responsibility of the client for his or her own behaviors, in Cognitive behavior therapists focus on teaching rational self-counseling skills. Techniques and Procedure Adlerian therapy helps the client to make new choices-reorientation and reeducation. It encourages the development of self-understanding-insight into purpose. It explores the psychological changes operating in the client’s assessment. CBT shares a different procedure and technique. The program is based on the scientifically supported assumption that most emotional and behavioral reactions are learned. Therefore, the goal of therapy is to help clients unlearn their unwanted reactions and to learn a new way of reacting. While Cognitive Behavioral therapists do not present themselves as know-it-alls†, the assumption is that if clients knew what the therapist had to teach them, clients would not have the emotional / behavioral problems they are experiencing. Therefore, CBT has nothing to do with just talking. People can just talk with anyone. (Abramson, 2000) The educational emphasis of CBT has an additional benefit it leads to long-term results. When people understand how and why they are doing well, they can continue doing what they are doing to make themselves well. The therapy relies on the inductive method. A central aspect of Rational thinking is that it is based on fact, not simply our assumptions made. Often, we upset ourselves about things when, in fact, the situation is not like we think it is. If we knew that, we would not waste our time upsetting ourselves. Therefore, the inductive method encourages us to look at our thoughts as being hypotheses that can be questioned and tested. If we find that our hypotheses are incorrect (because we have new information), then we can change our thinking to be in line with how the situation really is. There are over 25 very common mental mistakes that people make that cause them to not have the facts straight. Goal achievement could take a very long time if all a person were only to think about the techniques and topics taught for one hour per week. That is why CBT therapists assign reading assignments and encourage their clients to practice the techniques learned. (Abramson, 2000) Conclusion Adler placed an important emphasis on social interest. Freud saw society and the individual at odds with one another, but Adler saw society and the individual as mutually supportive. He believed that it was natural, normal and healthy for people to be involved and concerned with one another, and that the absence of this was a sign of maladaptation in the individual. The psychotherapy system that Adler developed is not constrained by techniques, such as classical psychoanalysis is by free association. Adlerian therapy seeks to help people actualize their goals in life (overcome their inferiority feelings) and is very supportive an encouraging. It is also, however, challenging and confronting on problematic lifestyles and goals. Adlerian therapists seek to establish empathy and build rapport with their clients, and to understand the lifestyle that guides their behavior in functional or dysfunctional ways. Adlerian psychotherapy seeks to develop people who have high social interest, who are cooperative with others, and who have a decreased sense of inferiority. The approach assumes that most people in therapy feel relatively powerless and discouraged, so encouragement is a cornerstone of the therapeutic approach. Self-confidence and a conviction that one can cope with the problems presented by life are critical goals of the therapy. Its strong positive and forward moving nature makes it an excellent therapeutic approach for people struggling with a sense of failure in life. While Cognitive Behavior Therapy is probably the most widely researched psychotherapy that exists today, and there is more research support for its efficacy than there is for any other therapy. The treatment is collaborative, structured, and goal-oriented. CBT is designed to be as short term as possible, though sometimes with complex cases and severe mental illness treatment takes longer. CBT also places a strong emphasis on relapse prevention, which essentially teaches patients skills so they can learn to be their own therapists. Cognitive therapy involves recognizing unhelpful patterns of thinking and reacting, then modifying or replacing these with more realistic or helpful ones. It is based on the idea that how we think, how we feel , and how we act all interact together. Specifically, our thoughts determine our feelings and our behavior. Therefore, negative thoughts can cause us distress and result in problems. Reference Abramson, L. , Seligman, M. E. P. Teasdale, J. 2000. Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87 pp49-74 Adler, A. 1997 . Understanding Life: an Introduction to the Psychology of Alfred Adler. Oxford: Oneworld. Beck, J. S. 1995 . Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Mosak, H. , Maniacci, M. 1999. A Primer of Adlerian Psychology: The Analytic Behavioral Cognitive Psychology of Alfred Adler. Philadelphia,

Five Easy Steps of Research Paper Writing

Five Easy Steps of Research Paper Writing Five Easy Steps of Research Paper Writing Writing a research paper doesnt have to be as daunting as it seems. The process can be done by you or you can turn it over to  paper writing services. In case you cant this time around and you have to do it yourself well clue you in to making things a bit easier. But, next time you may want to call  paper writing services  just to be sure the paper is picture perfect.  Step OneBe clear about your subject matter. If you are able to choose your own subject matter then make sure its one that you can research reasonably easily. Move to step two if you have been given your subject matter. Step Two-Prepare your spaceYour research will be primarily online so you will need to be on the computer quite a few hours at a time. This means your work area must be conducive to writing and concentration. Make sure that all your equipment is ergonomically correct. This means the desk and keyboard is at the correct height for your wrists to rest properly. Make sure the lighting is sufficient and you have a comfortable chair.Step Three Prepare your ResearchThe research should be done for each of the sub headings you choose. Subheadings should be major points that you will cover in your paper in logical order. This makes it easier to read and to keep the paper clear and on target which is a great part of your score in most cases.Step Four Prepare the body of each sub headingAs you are writing the body of each subheading make sure you are keeping it true to the title or thesis and make sure you are giving a clear conclusion and flow to the next subheading. You want the paper to speak of what it promised in the title and allow it to give clear points in each subheading yet flow as one paper. This takes a bit of talent and practice and if you hate writingthis may be the time to call Master Essay   because your lack of confidence will show, and that you dont want.Step Five Your CitationsEvery paper absolutely must have citations that will tell the reader that your research and all claims in the research is credible. This means you will have to set aside a list of the source of your research. Whether this is from the computer or a book or whatever source you get it from. This ensures the paper is credible.As a last point, remember that plagiarism is a criminal offense and you can be sued. This happens when you use any form of another work by another author whose work is not in public domain. This is a serious thing. Your professor will have programs like Copyscape and Dupe Report which will alert them to any plagiarism. Call 800-573-0840 for writing services by .

Business Law Case Written Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Law Case Written Work - Research Paper Example Non-disclosure is the failure of volunteering important facts or information (Mallor, 2004). The law requires that the lease between Ms. Relief and Rem be in writing. This is according to the Statute of Frauds (Mallor, 2004). The fact that the agreement between Ms. Relief and Rem is for more than a one year from its formation date, it has to be in the form of writing. This clause is proper and does not impair the agreement of enforceability. As long the term of the lease has not begun, Rem can cancel the agreement and Ms. Relief will be at liberty to lease it to some other tenant. Rem would not win. The agreement between Force and Rem do not satisfy the elements required for an enforceable agreement. Force offered a promise in return for nothing from Rem thus rendering his promise gratuitous (Mallor, 2004). Rem would not win. This is because Rem had enforced the Cancellation clause of the lease document which provided for cancellation without penalties thus giving Ms. Relief the freedom to accept an offer from another

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Reflection - Essay Example think over the causal factors as well as the potential impacts of such events as the earthquakes and the cyclones that keep happening from time to time, that I used to overlook before. I have started to realize the importance of knowing what is going on at different points under the surface of Earth around the world and how things are working. I ponder over the state of equilibrium between the internal forces of the Earth and the external factors and forces that instigate them. Before, I thought of Earth as a round shaped mass of rocks whose voids are filled with water. Having taken this course, I realize the different layers the Earth is made up of, and how changes in one layer induce changes in the other. I see the Earth as a big round electromagnet which has its own electromagnetic field. The two Earth science topics that I shall continue to follow after this course are the Weathering and Erosion. Weathering is the process responsible for inducing changes in the rocks’ surfaces that are open to the water or air. There can be several reasons for the occurrence of the weathering action. It can occur because of the physical action, plant action, abrasion or because of chemical processes like oxidation and reduction. I have selected Weathering because it gives sufficient explanation of the way different kinds of rocks were formed. Erosion, on the other hand, is the process that illustrates the causes and patterns of movement of the sediments from one place to another. Gravity is the fundamental force that causes erosion and water serves as the most significant driver of erosion. I have chosen to follow the topic of Erosion after this course because it tells how the rivers and seas were formed and the factors that cause the depth of water in a reservoir to alter ov er the time. The one action item that I would consider doing as critical to helping with the Earth’s preservation in my area, or in general is spreading awareness about the ways people can protect

Film Adaptation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex Essay -- blind by ignorance,

â€Å"You are your own enemy† (Guthrie, Oedipus Rex, 22:43). In the film adaptation of Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus Rex† (1957), Sir Tyrone Guthrie portrays the characters as truth seekers that are ignorant when trying to find King Laius’ murderer. On the other hand, Sigmund Freud’s hypothesis of Sophocles’ work introduces us to â€Å"The Oedipus Complex† (1899) which states that as we’re young we grow infatuated with our opposite sex parent and feel resentment towards our same-sex parent. These two pieces have adapted mirror like meanings of Sophocles’ tragic play. Sir Tyrone Guthrie and Sigmund Freud explore this through the use of ethos, irony, social distance, and the visualization of state of mind in order to show the manifestation Oedipus undergoes living with his â€Å"mix of killing and unimagined shame† (Guthrie, Oedipus Rex, 21:19). Though the answer is in front of Oedipus, he wears a mask that protects him from the answers he does not want to believe is true. To begin with, Oedipus is his own tragedy since his actions and decisions are the reasons why he was not able to thoroughly see his mistakes. Sir Tyrone Guthrie places Oedipus in the middle of the town to begin the interrogation of finding the murderer of King Laius so the city can be unwind of its plague. Sir Tyrone Guthrie does this on purpose so the audience and the servants around him can see the foolish mistakes their great King achieves. Tiresias, the blind prophet who can see the past, present, and future, speaks to Oedipus, since Tiresias has the ability to only see the truth. Even though the audience can see that Oedipus is not taking any consideration of the prophet’s words when Tiresias directly yells to him that Oedipus is the â€Å"murderer [he] [seeks],† the ignorant side of Oe... ...now where he was â€Å"†¦in calamity,† seeking the truth to stop the plague was in his good intentions but his unconscious mask would not let him see the answers (Sophocles, Oedipus the King, 425). It is the reason why â€Å"most young people outgrow the compulsion† for their parent â€Å"and thereafter repress it† which is why Oedipus was unknowingly his own disaster (Jacobus 476). Works Cited Freud, Sigmund. "The Oedipus Complex." A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers. By Lee A. Jacobus. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010. 475-85. Print. Oedipus Rex. Dir. Tyrone Guthrie. By Sophocles and William B. Yeats. Perf. Douglas Campbell and Eleanor Stuart. YouTube. YouTube, 01 Feb. 2013. Web. 07 Feb. 2014. . Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Trans. David Grene. 1st ed. Chicago & London: University of Chicago, 2010. Print.

The Dusk

Norman Gortsby sits on a park bench at dusk, a time when, in his estimation, individuals who have experienced defeat in their lives can sojourn unrecognized. An elderly gentleman sits nexts to Gortsby, and Gortsby judges him to be a lonely person of no consequence. After a short time, the old man leaves, and his place is taken by a younger man, better dressed than his predecessor but equally downcast. The man tells Gortsby a sad story of having gone out to buy some soap, then not having been able to find his hotel.Gortsby responds that he had once done the same thing, only in a foreign country, to which the man rejoins that in a foreign land, one could go to the Consul for help, but here at home, there is no help to be had, unless â€Å"some decent chap† would believe his story and lend him some money. Gortsby says he will lend the man some money if he can produce the soap as proof that his story is true, but the man cannot, and walks away.Looking on the ground, Gortsby spies a new bar of soap, goes after the man, and lends him the money. When he returns to the park bench, however, the elderly gentleman who was sitting next to him originally is searching the ground for a lost bar of soap. Two elements of humor that the author uses in this story are comic irony and satire. Comic irony occurs when the reader knows something that a character does not, and in this story is evidenced when the young man drolly ends his sad tale with a veiled request for mone.The man obviously has told his story to make Gortsby feel sorry for him and lend him some money, but Gortsby does not know for sure that his story is a lie. Satire is the use of humor to expose a human frailty. Gortsby's inability to judge his counterparts correctly is comically pointed out in his unstated chagrin when he discovers that, through his own miscalculation, he has allowed the young man to outwit him with his sad story of woe.

Defintion Essay - Is it Possible to Define Art - 615 Words

Defintion Essay - Is it Possible to Define Art? Art is the intentional use of some medium to communicate emotions or ideas between minds. Some combination of the five senses is used to conduct information, so art may take the form of music, painting, sculpture, dance, and others. Art may be collaborative, as with the presentation of a symphony, which may involve a composer, a conductor, players, and a lighting crew all working to create the art of the presentation. Also, art occurs in at least one level of abstraction removed from reality, a representation of the real thing. There is no requirement of beauty in art. Indeed, some of the highest quality in art is attained by some of the ugliest things. An example is the film,†¦show more content†¦When I experience Samuel Barbers Adagio with my brother, the message I receive is clear, but it is not the same as the message my brother receives. It is likely that Samuel Barber intended neither. Nevertheless, the piece is effective art, since it communicates messages. Even so, there must have been some intention with which Barber wrote the piece. In general, art must be the creation of a mind, or group of minds, with at least one purpose. As such, art is never an accident, whereas it may have some accidental effects on certain members of an audience. The requirement that art have some purpose from the artist rejects the notion that computers can create art. Computers may be used as a medium for people to create art, and computers may create what resembles art, but computers cannot create art. Another characteristic of art is its necessary element of impracticality. That is not to say that artistic things cannot be practical; rather, there must be some part of the piece that does more than simply serve a function. For example, ordering a cheeseburger at McDonalds is an intentional use of the medium of a voice to communicate a message (the desire for food) between two minds (the customer and the server). However, it seems somewhat clear that this extreme case does not constitute a work of art. Still, it would be possible to compose a vocal piece of music that qualifies as art, even if the words are still, Id like a Big Mac, please. The art entersShow MoreRelatedMens Rea The Writing Style and Feminism of Lakambini Sitoy7010 Words   |  29 Pages MENS REA: THE WRITING STYLE AND FEMINISM OF LAKAMBINI SITOY A Thesis Design presented to Dr. Lito Diones, Ed. D. Of the Graduate School of Literature, Communication, and Other Languages School of Arts and Sciences Cebu Normal University In Partial Fulfillment of Lit 4007 Masterpieces of Filipino Writers Farina Dianne C. Abella October 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii